(1) (Confidentiality Integrity Authentication) The three important concerns with regards to information security. Encryption is used to provide confidentiality (privacy, secrecy). Digital signatures are used for message integrity (to ensure the message has not been tampered with). Passwords and digital certificates are used for authentication (to verify the authenticity of the sender). See Parkerian Hexad, computer security and information security.
(2) (CiA) See CAN bus.
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